Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg

For his grandfather, see Karl Theodor Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg.
Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg
Minister of Defence
In office
28 October 2009 – 1 March 2011
Chancellor Angela Merkel
Preceded by Franz Josef Jung
Succeeded by Thomas de Maizière
Minister for Economics and Technology
In office
10 February 2009 – 27 October 2009
Chancellor Angela Merkel
Preceded by Michael Glos
Succeeded by Rainer Brüderle
Secretary General of the Christian Social Union
In office
3 November 2008 – 10 February 2009
Leader Horst Seehofer
Preceded by Christine Haderthauer
Succeeded by Alexander Dobrindt
Member of the Bundestag for Kulmbach
In office
22 September 2002 – 3 March 2011
Preceded by Bernd Protzner
Succeeded by TBD
Personal details
Born 5 December 1971 (1971-12-05) (age 40)
Munich, West Germany (now Germany)
Political party Christian Social Union
Spouse(s) Stephanie Gräfin von Bismarck-Schönhausen (2000–present)[1]
Alma mater University of Bayreuth
Religion Roman Catholicism

Karl-Theodor Freiherr zu Guttenberg[2] (full name: Karl Theodor Maria Nikolaus Johann Jacob Philipp Franz Joseph Sylvester Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg;[3] born 5 December 1971) is a German politician of the Christian Social Union (CSU). He advises European Commission Vice President Neelie Kroes on the promotion of internet freedom.

A Member of Parliament from 2002 until March 2011, Guttenberg briefly held the post of Secretary General of his party before he was appointed as Federal Minister for Economics and Technology in the first Merkel cabinet on 10 February 2009. After taking office as a cabinet minister, he quickly became one of Germany's most popular politicians.[4][5] From 28 October 2009, Guttenberg served as the Minister of Defence of Germany in the second Merkel cabinet; the discovery and widespread criticism of extensive plagiarism in his subsequently-revoked doctoral thesis led to his resignation as Minister of Defence on 1 March 2011 and from the Bundestag on 3 March, when he was succeeded as Minister of Defence by Thomas de Maizière.[6] On 12 December 2011, zu Guttenberg was asked by European Commission Vice President Neelie Kroes to promote internet freedom globally as part of the European Union's new "No Disconnect Strategy".[7]

He is the grandson of two prominent politicians, Karl Theodor Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg, a West German CSU politician, and Jakob von und zu Eltz, a Croatian politician of the 1990s. He is married to Stephanie zu Guttenberg, an activist against child abuse and a member of the Bismarck family. Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg is a descendant of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor and Aloys II, Prince of Liechtenstein.

Contents

Education and professional background

After finishing high school (Gymnasium) in Rosenheim,[8] Guttenberg joined the Gebirgsjägerbrigade 23 based in Mittenwald as a conscript. He subsequently left the army as a Reserve Sergeant.[9]

Guttenberg studied law at the University of Bayreuth,[10] where he passed the first legal state examination (said to be the equivalent of a master's degree) in 1999. Guttenberg chose not to pursue the second state examination (the equivalent of a bar exam),[11] and focused on running the Munich-based "Guttenberg GmbH" holding[12] where, along with a few employees, he managed his family’s significant assets and various participations.[10] Due to the holding's low turnover and small number of employees, it was said that Guttenberg had exaggerated his business experience.[13] At the time the Guttenberg GmbH had a capital stock of 1,000,000 Euro[14] and assets of more than a quarter billion Euro. These assets include a 26.5 percent share in the Rhön-Klinikum hospital chain, where Guttenberg was a member of the Supervisory board[10] from 1996 to 2002. In 2002, that stake was sold to HypoVereinsbank in a transaction valued at 260 million Euro.[12][15]

In addition, Guttenberg also studied political science at the Munich School of Political Science.[16]

During his university studies he also worked as an intern at two law firms, one in Frankfurt, the other in New York. Guttenberg's claim in his CV that these internships were actually "professional experience" (German: "berufliche Stationen")[17] was criticised by German newspapers as a CV exaggeration.[18] Guttenberg later worked for 6 months for the daily Die Welt.[11]

Political career

Guttenberg is a member of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU) and held different positions within the party, including that of secretary general.

Guttenberg is also a member of (selection)
American Council on Germany[19]
Aspen Institute
Assembly of the Western European Union (until 2005)
Atlantik-Brücke[20]
European Council on Foreign Relations[21]
German Council on Foreign Relations
New Academic Forum (German:Neues Akademisches Forum e.V.), Munich: Chairman[17]
Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe[22] (until 2005)

In the tradition of his grandfather Karl Theodor von und zu Guttenberg he is a strong proponent of German-American friendship and Transatlantic Cooperation

Member of Parliament

In 2002 Guttenberg was elected to the Bundestag as the representative of Kulmbach. He was reelected in 2005, winning 60.0% of the votes in his constituency. In 2009, he was reelected again with 68.1 % of the votes in his district, obtaining the highest percentage of votes of all elected representatives in Germany for that election cycle.[23]

From October 2005 to November 2008[24] Guttenberg served as chairman of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group in the Bundestag’s Foreign Affairs Committee[25] and as spokesman of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group in the Bundestag’s Committee on disarmament, non-proliferation and arms control. He also chaired the CSU Foreign Policy Expert Committee[26] and the German-British parliamentary group during that time.[27][28]

In early 2004, Guttenberg introduced the concept of a Privileged Partnership between Turkey and the European Union as a viable alternative to Ankara’s ambitions to join the EU as a regular member into the German political discourse.[29][30] Germany’s center-right CDU/CSU parties have been champions of this Privileged Partnership approach ever since.[31][32] Guttenberg based his opposition to full Turkish membership in the EU on the country’s insufficient fulfillment of relevant accession criteria,[33] for example with regard to the Cyprus dispute,[34] as well as a potential overburdening of the EU.[35] At the same time, he continuously stressed the necessity of maintaining good relations with Turkey and was therefore critical of a French initiative to criminalize the denial of the Armenian Genocide.[36]
Guttenberg also repeatedly warned of the looming threat posed to German and European security by Iran’s nuclear and ballistic missile programs.[37] However, he rejected taking rash military action against Iran and instead called for an international diplomatic effort to deal with Tehran’s nuclear program.[38][39]

As a Member of Parliament, he was a strong critic of the far-left party Die Linke, which he accused of links to terrorists.[40]

Secretary General of the CSU

In September 2008 the CSU suffered heavy losses in the Bavaria state election and lost its absolute majority in the Bavarian Landtag - for the first time in 46 years. As a result of this political defeat the CSU party leadership stepped down[41][42] and Horst Seehofer, the new CSU chairman and minister-president of Bavaria,[43] appointed Guttenberg as secretary general of the CSU in November 2008.[44][45]

As secretary general Guttenberg called for tax cuts,[46][47] an increase in family benefits[47] and structural reforms within the CSU to foster more direct political participation of the party base.[48] In addition to domestic policy he also emphasized his focus on international affairs.[49]

Federal Minister of Economics

After the resignation of Michael Glos on 9 February 2009[50] Guttenberg became Federal Minister of Economics and Technology in the First Cabinet Merkel.[51][52] Guttenberg, the youngest economics minister in German post-war era,[53] came to office in the midst of a deep global financial crisis and recession.

In his inaugural speech to the German Bundestag Guttenberg emphasized his commitment to the principles of Germany’s social market economy and to free market.[54]

In the wake of the global financial crisis, several major German banks were near failure, including Hypo Real Estate, which received a 102 billion euros of credit and guarantees from Germany's bank rescue fund.[55] In this case, Guttenberg opposed an overly hasty nationalization of Hypo Real Estate,[56] which he considered only as "'ultissima ration',a measure of the very last resort".[57] A few months later he drafted a legislative proposal to minimize the financial risks of failing banks,[58][59] which caused controversy[60] but was later groundwork for the German bank restructuring bill.[61][62]

In the case of troubled German companies asking for state aid, including automaker Opel[63] and now-defunct mail-order service Arcandor/Quelle,[64] Guttenberg was reluctant to commit government resources. He insisted on strict conditionality, including restructuring, and limited support to only those companies, which were otherwise competitive but were temporarily affected by the crisis.[64]

In November 2008, Opel had appealed for governmental assistance because of severe financial problems facing its US parent General Motors (GM).[65] In 2009, Opel employed 25.000 workers in Germany and indirectly supported 50.000 additional jobs through its supplier network.[65]

In March 2009, Guttenberg made his first visit to the US as economics minister, focusing his trip on the future of Opel.[66] In his talks with U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner, the director of the United States National Economic Council, Lawrence Summers, and Rick Wagoner, then CEO of General Motors, Guttenberg demanded that GM provide a viable restructuring plan for Opel as a precondition for receiving financial assistance from the German state.[67][68] Guttenberg and Wagoner agreed on the necessity of a private investor for Opel.[69]
In a speech on the global economic crisis at the Washington-based Peterson Institute[70] Guttenberg warned of rising protectionism.[71]

After Guttenberg’s visit to the US, negotiations between the German government, GM, and potential Opel investors, including Fiat and Canada’s Magna International, were stalled by GM and the U.S. Treasury.[72][73] In contrast to the German Chancellor, Angela Merkel, and to other German political leaders, Guttenberg preferred insolvency for Opel rather than the infusion of unconditional financial assistance from German state.[74] Because of resulting financial risks for the German state, Guttenberg opposed the sale of Opel to Magna International, favoured by the German Chancellor Merkel,[75] and – according to media coverage – even offered his resignation over the controversy.[76][77] The Opel-Magna-deal later failed[78] and Opel remained a subsidiary of GM, which had to reimburse financial assistance to Germany.[79]

As economics minister Guttenberg also initiated several stimulus packages for the small firm sector.[80][81][82]

In the summer of 2009, he surpassed Chancellor Angela Merkel as the most popular politician in Germany.[5]

Federal Minister of Defence

The 2009 Bundestag elections led to a change in government, as the incumbent grand coalition of CDU/CSU and SPD was replaced by a center-right coalition of CDU/CSU and FDP.[83]

According to German press reports, Chancellor Merkel offered Guttenberg the choice between the interior and the defence ministries while negotiating the distribution of ministerial posts within the new coalition government.[84][85] Guttenberg decided to opt for the defence portfolio[86][87] and took the oath of office on 28 October 2009[88] as part of the Second Cabinet Merkel. He was the youngest-ever German defence minister in the post-war era.[89]

The first political challenge facing defence minister Guttenberg was dealing with the Kunduz airstrike of 4 September 2009. Initially, he adopted the position of his predecessor Jung and defended the air strike as "militarily appropriate". However, in contrast to Jung, Guttenberg conceded that the strike had also caused civilian casualties.[90] After Guttenberg had received additional information and investigative reports dating back to the tenure of his predecessor Jung, Guttenberg changed his position concerning the "Kunduz airstrike"[91] and dismissed Bundeswehr Chief of Staff Schneiderhahn and Parliamentary State Secretary of Defence Wichert on 26 November 2009.[92]

Jung, who in the meantime had assumed the position of labor minister in the second Merkel cabinet, took full political responsibility for the delay in sharing relevant Kunduz air strike information and resigned the following day.[93]

At the demand of the opposition parties, the Bundestag subsequently established a special investigative committee to shed light on the defense ministry’s communications policy in connection with the Kunduz air strike.[94][95] The final report of the Bundestag’s special investigative committee cleared Guttenberg from the accusation that he had been responsible for the defence ministry’s inadequate communications policy following the Kunduz strike.[96][97] The findings were supported by members from the ruling CDU/CSU-FDP coalition while the opposition parties criticized the special investigative committee’s report[98] and later published their own account of the investigation.[99][100]

Shortly after taking office, Guttenberg publicly compared the situation faced by Bundeswehr soldiers in Afghanistan to “war”.[89][101][102][103]

In doing so, Guttenberg broke a major political taboo since up until then Germany’s political leadership – including the Chancellor and previous defense ministers – had only referred to the Afghanistan intervention as a “stabilization deployment”.[95][104][105] The new classification of the Bundeswehr’s Afghanistan deployment as “war” improved the legal status of German soldiers operating under international law.[106]

Guttenberg also boosted Germany’s military presence in Afghanistan,[107] through the deployment of heavy weapons[108] and better training for the Bundeswehr soldiers stationed there.[109]

Guttenberg further attempted to elevate public perception of Germany’s Afghan mission by personally participating - sometimes along with the Chancellor - at funeral services held for fallen Bundeswehr soldiers.[110][111]

In November 2010, Guttenberg established the Combat Action Medal of the Bundeswehr, which is awarded for bravery in combat and to soldiers who were the targets of terrorist or military attacks.[112][113][114]

At the political level, Guttenberg spoke out strongly against a precipitous military withdrawal from Afghanistan. He specifically warned against imposing fixed troop withdrawal timetables that do not take into account the security situation on the ground.[115][116] Furthermore, Guttenberg also demanded a stronger involvement of key neighboring states such as Russia, India, and China in the resolution of the Afghan conflict.[117][118] In light of the traditionally challenging security situation in Afghanistan, Guttenberg called for the development of an internationally coordinated long-term security strategy – based on the use of special forces and close intelligence cooperation within the coalition – to stabilize the country even after the eventual withdrawal of all foreign troops.[119]

During his tenure as defense minister, Guttenberg made nine visits to Afghanistan and the German soldiers deployed there.[120][121] To gain a first-hand understanding of the situation on the ground and the military risks of the Bundeswehr’s mission, Guttenberg went several times to the frontlines of the Afghan conflict.[122][123] He also invited journalists to accompany him on these trips in an effort to educate the wider German public about the nature of the Bundeswehr deployment in Afghanistan.[124] In December 2010, Guttenberg traveled to Afghanistan along with his wife Stephanie to visit with the troops before the Christmas holidays.[125] In addition, he was also accompanied by German TV moderator Johannes B. Kerner,[126] who hosted his prime-time talk show at the Bundeswehr camp in Mazar-i-Sharif featuring the Guttenbergs and German soldiers deployed there.[127] While other German media and the opposition parties sharply criticized Guttenberg for allowing Kerner to host his show in Afghanistan,[128][129][130] the reaction by the German troops and the general public was predominantly positive.[131][132]

In early 2010, Guttenberg decided to push for fundamental Bundeswehr reforms in an effort to address the structural deficits within the German armed forces[133][134] and to deal with declining defense budgets.[135] The overall goal was to boost the Bundeswehr’s expeditionary capabilities[136] while, at the same time, achieving cost reductions. To accomplish these reforms, Guttenberg proposed to reduce the armed forces to 165,000 active duty soldiers and to suspend the draft,[137][138][139] resulting in the most comprehensive restructuring of the Bundeswehr since its founding in 1955.[140] Guttenberg’s reform plans were supported by a blue-ribbon "Bundeswehr Structural Commission"[141] that the minister created in April 2010.[142] The proposals triggered a major debate about the country’s draft system and were met with significant political opposition, not least in Guttenberg’s own political party.[143] In the end, Guttenberg’s view won out and on 29 October 2010, the CSU general party convention approved the minister’s motion to suspend the draft by a large majority.[144] Several weeks later, Chancellor Merkel’s CDU held its own party convention and also voted in favor of suspending the draft.[145]

At a meeting of European defense ministers in Ghent in November 2010 Guttenberg called for closer military cooperation among EU member states,[146] especially in the areas of procurement and training, to cope with rising budgetary pressures. His proposed three-step cooperation[147] model served as the basis for the German-Swedish "pooling and sharing" initiative,[148][149][150] which has had a lasting impact on European procurement projects.[151][152][153]

In November 2010, a United States diplomatic cables leak revealed that American diplomats viewed Guttenberg positively, with one cable describing him as a "foreign policy expert, a transatlanticist and a close and well-known friend to the United States".[154]

Resignation from all political offices

Guttenberg declared his resignation from all political offices at national level on 1 March 2011, after it became known that he plagiarised the works of numerous authors in his doctoral thesis.[155] On 15 March 2011 Guttenberg resigned from his last remaining political office, at local level, i.e. membership of the Kulmbach Kreistag (county council).[156]

Doctorate plagiarism

In 2007, he was awarded a doctorate in law, under supervision of Peter Häberle, with a dissertation on the development of constitutional law in the United States and the European Union.

In February 2011, evidence was made public that Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg had violated academic standards by copying many passages from sources such as newspaper articles, speeches or term papers in his dissertation.[157][158] On 18 February 2011, Guttenberg announced that he would "temporarily stop using his doctor's title".[159] On 21 February 2011, Guttenberg made a statement declaring that he would no longer use the academic title.[160] He requested that the University of Bayreuth revoke his doctoral degree due to "serious errors" on his part. The university revoked the degree two days later on 23 February 2011, based on their own investigation and citing "extensive violations" of doctorate regulations by the omission of source citations.[161]

On 24 February 2011, Bundestagspräsident Norbert Lammert declared that Guttenberg had used six reports by the parliament’s research service for his doctoral thesis without prior approval.[6][162] However, Lammert acknowledged the fact that it was widespread practice among Bundestag Members to use documents prepared by the parliamentary research service without first obtaining the necessary approval.[6] On 13 April 2011 it was reported that the Bundestag would not press charges against Guttenberg.[163]

Both Guttenberg's plagiarism and Merkel's backing caused anger in the German academic community, which resulted in over 51,000 doctoral students and researchers signing an open letter to Merkel.[164][165][166]

Since 7 March 2011, the matter had been the subject of a pending investigation by the local district attorney’s office in Hof (Bavaria). By giving up his Bundestag seat and the associated parliamentary immunity on 1 March, Guttenberg made the formal launch of this investigation possible.[167][168] Only one of the authors copied by Guttenberg pressed charges.[169]

On 11 March 2011, the University of Bayreuth announced the expansion of the commission investigating Guttenberg’s dissertation[170] while having no legal basis for such an investigation given that the university had already revoked his title.[171] During his resignation speech on 1 March 2011, Guttenberg nonetheless had already emphasized his willingness to cooperate with this commission in an effort to shed light on the matter.[172]

On 8 April 2011, there was a first leak of the commission’s initial findings to the press, in which Guttenberg was accused of deliberate deception.[173] Guttenberg’s lawyer sharply criticized the commission’s leaks as an unfair "prejudgment"[174][175][176] of his client given that the press reports were published both before the end of the investigation and before the 26 April deadline Guttenberg had been given by the university to respond to the commission’s report before its public release.[177] His lawyer also pointed out that the leaks were a violation of Guttenberg’s personal rights.[178][179] Critics accused Guttenberg of trying to prevent the public release of the commission’s final report,[163][180][181] an allegation that he rejected.[182][183]

After Guttenberg sent his response to the commission’s draft report on 26 April,[184] the university released the report to the public on 6 May 2011.[185] According to that document, he had "grossly violated standard research practices and in so doing deliberately deceived" and it further stated that it was "obvious that plagiarism was involved".[186] In his response, Guttenberg once again denied that he had deliberately deceived the university and instead blamed severe “errors in workmanship” for the grave deficiencies in his doctoral thesis.[187][188][189]

The University of Bayreuth’s handling of the matter was sharply criticized by its former Vice-President and law professor Walter Schmitt-Glaeser, who, while agreeing that revoking the doctoral degree was justified, described the additional measures taken by the institution as an attempt at character assassination ("Treibjagd").[190][191][192] The professor, a long time CSU member, also criticized the lack of conclusive evidence to prove the university's assertion that there was "deliberate deception" on the part of Guttenberg,[193] who, in his conviction, had not committed intentional cheating.[194] Professor Schmitt-Glaeser and others also criticized the commission’s final report for not decrying the university’s own lack of due diligence in the matter and noted that the university had first awarded Guttenberg’s degree with the highest possible distinction ("summa cum laude").[195][196]

Back in March 2011, as a means of taking responsibility for his error, Guttenberg sent personal apology letters to all those authors who were not properly quoted in his thesis.[197][198]

The analysis of Guttenberg's thesis was done on the crowd-source Guttenplag Wiki,[199] and triggered similar initiatives on VroniPlag Wiki. In August 2011, the authors of the platforms were accused of running a partisan campaign after it emerged that the founder of VroniPlag, who also played a key role in the Guttenplag Wiki effort, is a member of the opposition SPD party.[200][201][202]

In November 2011, the prosecution dropped the charges; it had found 23 criminally relevant copyright violations but assessed the economic damage as minimal. The court ruled that Guttenberg had to make a payment of 20,000 Euros to a charitable foundation.[169][203]

Center for Strategic and International Studies

In September 2011 Guttenberg joined the Washington-based Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) as a Distinguished Statesman and assumed the leadership of a new forum for transatlantic dialogue dedicated to strengthening the relations between the United States and Europe.[204][205]

At the Halifax International Security Forum in November 2011, Guttenberg made his first public appearance since joining CSIS.[206] During a plenary session on the economic and financial crisis he voiced pessimism about the current state of the EU,[207] which, in his view, was characterized by a lack of creativity and understanding for the concerns of regular citizens.[208] In particular, Guttenberg decried a severe "crisis of political leadership".[209]

As of November 2011 and as a reaction partly to his criticism at the conference, partly because of accusations made in his new book "Vorerst Gescheitert" about German politics and his alma mater, his own party chairman and several executive members of both the CDU and CSU distanced themselves from Guttenberg.[210][211]

Family

Guttenberg is a member of the House of Guttenberg, known since 1158 and conferred the title of Baron by the Holy Roman Emperor in 1700.[212] Since the adoption of Germany's 1919 Weimar Constitution, which abolished the nobility's privileges, "noble titles form part of the name only".[213] By courtesy and tradition, Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg is addressed as a Baron socially in his hometown of Guttenberg, Bavaria,[214][215] and occasionally is referred to as such by German and international media.[216][217][218][219][220]

His grandfather, Karl Theodor Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg (1921–1972), was a CSU politician and hard-line conservative during the Cold War, noted for his opposition to the Ostpolitik. His grandmother, Rosa Sophie Prinzessin von Arenberg, is a member of the House of Arenberg.

Guttenberg's father is Enoch zu Guttenberg, a conductor,[221] who has been decorated with the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (Officer's Cross)[222] as well as the Bavarian Order of Merit.[222] He has received many awards for his contributions to classical music, including the German Cultural Award[222] and the Echo Klassik award.[223]
Previously, Enoch zu Guttenberg also owned the winery estate Weingut Reichsrat von Buhl.[224]

Both his grandfather and his great-great-uncle, the Catholic monarchist Karl Ludwig zu Guttenberg, took part in the military resistance to the Nazi regime; the latter was executed after the 20 July plot.

Guttenberg's mother, Christiane zu Eltz[225] is a member of the Eltz family, which has strong ties with Croatia. She is the daughter of Jakob von und zu Eltz, a former President of the Association of Winemakers in Rheingau who became active in Croatian politics after Croatian independence. She divorced Enoch zu Guttenberg in 1977, and Karl-Theodor grew up with his father. His mother married secondly Adolf Richard Barthold von Ribbentrop, owner of an Eltville art gallery and son of Joachim von Ribbentrop, in 1985, and has two children from her second marriage.[226] Guttenberg has a younger brother, Philipp Franz zu Guttenberg (born 1973), who married a daughter of Godfrey James Macdonald, the 8th Baron Macdonald.

In February 2000, Guttenberg married Stephanie Gräfin von Bismarck-Schönhausen (born 1976),[1] a great-great-granddaughter of the first Chancellor of Germany Otto von Bismarck. They have two daughters. Guttenberg is Catholic, while his wife is Protestant (Lutheran).

Personal life

Guttenberg was born in Munich. He lives at his family castle in Guttenberg, Bavaria (district of Kulmbach), a village whose history is closely associated with the House of Guttenberg, and in a mansion in a noble part of Berlin, Berlin-Westend. The castle has been in the possession of the Guttenberg family since 1482.[227]

In July 2011 it was reported in the German media that Guttenberg would temporarily relocate to the United States.[228] His wife confirmed these plans in an interview several weeks later[229] but emphasized that the family had every intention of returning to Germany.[230] In September 2011 it became known that Guttenberg had bought a house for his family in Greenwich (Connecticut), close to New York City.[231]

Awards

Guttenberg was awarded the "Politikaward" in 2009, which is a German "Politician of the Year" award.[232][233] It was awarded by politik & kommunikation, a German periodical for political communications.[234]

In 2010, the German news magazine Focus named him "Man of the Year".[235]

In 2011, the Carneval Association of Aachen awarded him the "Order Against Dead Seriousness" (Orden wider den tierischen Ernst), although he did not attend the ceremony in person, sending instead his younger brother.[236]

Ancestry

References

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  3. ^ Entry at WW-Person, the WWW Data base of European nobility
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  225. ^ His mother's full name in German is Maria de Mercedes Christiane Josefine Thekla Walpurga Barbara Gräfin und Edle Herrin von und zu Eltz genannt Faust von Stromberg)
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  228. ^ "Guttenberg kauft Haus in Connecticut" (in German). Spiegel Online. 2011-07-29. http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/0,1518,777196,00.html. Retrieved 2011-09-20. 
  229. ^ "Wie lange wir weg sind, ist völlig offen" (in German). Bild. 2011-08-15. http://www.bild.de/politik/inland/stephanie-zu-guttenberg/stephanie-zu-guttenberg-interview-zum-usa-umzug-19410690.bild.html. Retrieved 2011-09-20. 
  230. ^ "Wir kommen zurück" (in German). Spiegel Online. 2011-08-16. http://www.spiegel.de/panorama/leute/0,1518,780426,00.html. Retrieved 2011-09-20. 
  231. ^ "Guttenberg kauft Millionenanwesen nahe New York" (in German). Spiegel Online. 2011-09-10. http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/0,1518,785483,00.html. Retrieved 2011-09-20. 
  232. ^ "Zu Guttenberg ist "Politiker des Jahres"" (in German). RP Online. 2009-11-25. http://www.rp-online.de/politik/deutschland/Zu-Guttenberg-ist-Politiker-des-Jahres_aid_787393.html. Retrieved 2011-09-28. 
  233. ^ "Guttenberg – eine Erscheinung von internationalem Format" (in German). Handelsblatt. 2010-12-25. http://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/deutschland/guttenberg-eine-erscheinung-von-internationalem-format/3747800.html?p3747800=all. Retrieved 2011-12-08. 
  234. ^ "Veranstalterhinweis Politikaward" (in German). politik & kommunikation. 2011-11-29. http://www.politikaward.de/veranstalter. Retrieved 2011-12-08. 
  235. ^ "Der Überflieger" (in German). Focus Online. 2010-12-13. http://www.focus.de/magazin/archiv/titel-der-ueberflieger_aid_581051.html. Retrieved 2011-09-28. 
  236. ^ "Guttenberg gets carnival medal for 'courage of his contradictions'". The Local. 2011-02-20. http://www.thelocal.de/society/20110220-33225.html. Retrieved 2011-03-01. 
  237. ^ http://www.archive.org/stream/genealogischest00vongoog#page/n467/mode/2up

Selected publications

Books

  • zu Guttenberg, Karl-Theodor (2010) (in German). Die Idee vom Staatsbürger in Uniform. Lehren aus dem 20. Juli 1944. Sankt Augustin: Konrad Adenauer Foundation. ISBN 978-3-941904-75-0. 
  • zu Guttenberg, Karl-Theodor (2009) (in German). Verantwortung in der sozialen Marktwirtschaft. Stuttgart: Robert Bosch Stiftung. ISBN 978-3-939574-18-7. 
  • Altomonote, Carlo; Defraigne, Pierre; Delattre, Lucas; zu Guttenberg, Karl-Theodor; Goulard, Sylvie; Scharping, Rudolf (2006) (in French). Le Partenariat Privilégié, Alternative à l’Adhésion. Note bleue de la Fondation Schuman. Paris, Brussels: Fondation Robert Schuman. ISSN 1761-2233. 
  • zu Guttenberg, Karl-Theodor (2004) (in German). Die Beziehungen zwischen der Türkei und der EU – eine "Privilegierte Partnerschaft. München: Akademie für Politik und Zeitgeschehen, Hanns-Seidel-Foundation. ISBN 3-88795-274-X. 

Articles

External links

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